Controlling discrediting the media (AP News)

Encouraging allies to buy up outlets, forming a massive conglomerate that supports his party.

Attacking Independent Media: Both label unfavorable news organizations as "fake news" or "enemies of the people," aiming to undermine public trust in independent reporting.

Disinformation Strategies: Using direct communication channels (social media) to bypass traditional media, both leaders leverage disinformation to rally their base

Institutional capture & centralization of power (Gerald Ford School of Public Policy)

Targeting the Judiciary.

Civil Service Purges.

Politicizing Institutions: Both use government departments (specifically the Justice Department) to target perceived political opponents.

Populist rhetoric and cultural politics (Gerald Ford School of Public Policy)

Us-vs-Them Framing: use harsh rhetoric, framing political opponents not as legitimate adversaries but as existential threats to the nation.

Anti-Immigration and Cultural Nationalism.

Targeting Elite, independent Institutions: Use "strawman" accusations against universities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and cultural elites, accusing them of serving foreign interests or liberal agendas.

Economic Populism and Cronyism

Rewarding Allies: Employ a strategy of providing government favors, contracts, or tax benefits to a select group of wealthy supporters (oligarchs), creating a loyal business class, and punishing those who do not bend the knee.

Electoral and Constitutional Changes

Rewriting Rules; the Constitution if necessary.

Gerrymandering

He was laying the foundations for his subsequent victories. He reduced the size of the parliament and redistricted the country into 106 single-member constituencies that markedly vary in size. The larger districts are in opposition strongholds; the smaller ones in districts loyal to his party. An additional 93 seats are selected through proportional representation, using party lists.

Voter tourism

As the 2022 election neared, it became clear that he would be challenged by a largely united alliance of opposition parties. In November 2021, he legalized what was dubbed “voter tourism,” allowing Hungarians to register to vote anywhere in the country, even if they didn’t reside in the district.

Orbán offered citizenship and the right to vote to an estimated 2 million ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring countries. These voters tend to be older and harbor irredentist grievances about Hungary’s territorial losses after the war.

Vote-buying (including potatoes)

When all of the above proves insufficient, there have been accusations of outright vote-buying. The phenomenon is sometimes termed “ Krumpliosztás ” — or potato distribution — in Hungarian, as critics say sometimes food is literally doled out to poorer districts such as Roma communities. Sometimes they were offered meat & at other times were paid cash (As per the Clean vote Coalition – 4 NGO’s).

Messaging

The network of companies owned by one f…

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